Tesla Battery Types: A Simple Guide for Model S, 3, X, and Y

2025-11-29 | Calvin

Did you know all Teslas, from the 2006 Roadster to the 2023 Model Y, use Lithium-Ion battery packs? However, Tesla battery types have evolved significantly over the years, with important differences that affect range, charging, and performance.

When I examine Tesla's battery journey, I see a fascinating progression. The original Roadster used 6,831 individual 18650-type cells packed together, while today's vehicles employ various chemistries and configurations. The Model 3 initially shared the 1865 NCA battery packs with the Model S, but Tesla later introduced Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP) batteries in Standard Range Model 3 vehicles. By 2025, most base Model 3 units globally will use LFP batteries as standard.

Understanding these battery differences matters because they directly impact your Tesla experience. NCA battery packs deliver greater range and power than their LFP counterparts. Additionally, LFP batteries typically have about 10% less range than equivalent NCA packs. These distinctions affect everything from charging habits to cold-weather performance.

In this guide, I'll walk through the different Tesla battery types across all models, help you identify what's in your vehicle, and explain how these differences affect real-world performance.

Table of Contents

• Tesla Model S and X Battery Types
• Tesla Model 3 Battery Types
• Tesla Model Y Battery Types
• How to Check What Battery Your Tesla Has
• Tesla Battery Types Comparison and Use Cases
• Conclusion
• FAQs

Tesla Model S and X Battery Types

The flagship Model S and Model X have maintained a remarkable battery consistency throughout their production runs. Since the very first Model S rolled off the assembly line in 2012, Tesla has relied on the same fundamental battery technology for these premium vehicles .

1865 NCA Cells in All Trims (2012–2025)

Both Model S and Model X exclusively utilize cylindrical 18650-type cells (sometimes shortened to 1865) with NCA chemistry . These cells measure precisely 18mm in diameter and 65mm in height, resembling larger AA batteries . Despite newer battery technologies emerging across Tesla's lineup, the company has deliberately stayed with this tried-and-tested formula for its flagship models through 2025.

Why stick with this older cell format? The NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) chemistry delivers superior performance regarding range and power . Though more expensive due to its cobalt content, this premium battery technology aligns perfectly with the luxury positioning of these vehicles. Furthermore, these batteries provide excellent energy density, making them ideal for performance models requiring quick, powerful acceleration .

Battery Module Layout and Chemistry

The battery pack architecture in Model S and X is fascinatingly complex. Each pack contains 16 modules arranged strategically underneath the vehicle floor . Within a single module, there are 432 individual 18650 cells positioned vertically next to each other .

This means the complete battery pack contains a staggering 6,912 individual cells (16 modules × 432 cells per module) . Each module employs a 6S 74P configuration – that is, 6 cells connected in series with 74 parallel connections . The modules are rated for 500A continuous current with peak capabilities of 750A .

Here are the key specifications for each battery module:

• Nominal voltage: 22.8V per module
• Total capacity per module: 232 Ah and 5.3 kWh
• Module dimensions: 3.1" height × 11.9" width × 26.2" length
• Module weight: 55 pounds

The cells themselves feature a graphite/silicon anode paired with a nickel-cobalt-aluminum cathode . Primarily supplied by Panasonic, these cells have been manufactured in Japan since the vehicles' inception and also at Gigafactory Nevada since January 2017 .

How to Locate Battery Info on Model S/X

Finding your Tesla's battery information is straightforward once you know where to look. For Model S and X owners, the battery pack sticker is typically located inside the wheel well behind the front passenger wheel .

To access this information:

• Turn your steering wheel away from the passenger side
• Look behind the tire in the wheel well
• Locate the sticker on the front corner of the battery pack

The sticker provides valuable details, including the battery capacity in kilowatt-hours (kWh) and the specific part number . This is especially useful for vehicles that have undergone battery replacements, as Tesla sometimes installs different battery sizes than originally equipped .

Another indicator of your battery type appears on your charging screen. If you see "daily" and "trip" options when setting charging limits, your vehicle has an NCA battery . This distinction matters since NCA batteries perform best when not regularly charged above 80-90% capacity to minimize degradation .

Tesla Model 3 Battery Types

"Most Teslas sold in the U.S. use nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) lithium-ion batteries. But recently, Tesla has started using a different type of battery called lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) in some of the cheaper Model 3 versions." — Lectron EV, EV battery technology expert and educational resource

The Model 3 introduced Tesla's shift toward more diverse battery technologies. Unlike its premium siblings, this more affordable Tesla has used multiple battery types since its 2017 debut, creating important distinctions between trims and manufacturing locations.

2170 NCA in Long Range and Performance Trims

Early Model 3 production began with the same 18650 NCA battery packs as the Model S/X. Nevertheless, Tesla quickly transitioned to larger 2170 format cells (21mm diameter, 70mm length) for most Long Range and Performance variants . This upgraded size stores more energy in a smaller volume and doubled the effective current in each cell, consequently reducing vehicle weight and cost .

The 2170 NCA cells primarily come from Panasonic and feature in U.S.-built Performance and Long Range Model 3s manufactured before 2023 . These cells contain nickel, cobalt, and aluminum in their cathode chemistry, offering excellent energy density for maximized range and performance .

For optimal longevity, owners should typically limit daily charging to 90% as these batteries are naturally less stable at high states of charge . The high energy density makes them particularly suitable for performance models requiring quick, powerful acceleration .

LFP Prismatic in Standard Range (Post-2021)

In 2021, Tesla made a significant shift by introducing Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) prismatic cells in Standard Range Model 3s . Unlike the cylindrical cells Tesla traditionally used, these LFP batteries come in a rectangular prismatic form factor .

The cells are manufactured by CATL in China, which has become Tesla's strategic partner with a contract spanning several years . By Q1 of 2022, half of Tesla's worldwide vehicle deliveries featured these new LFP batteries .

LFP batteries offer several advantages over NCA/NCM types. Primarily, they're cobalt-free, making them more ethically sourced and economically stable . Moreover, they're safer, longer-lasting, and less expensive to produce . Tesla even recommends charging LFP batteries to 100% at least once weekly, unlike nickel-based chemistries that prefer lower regular charge limits .

A teardown of a Model 3 Standard Range Plus revealed a battery pack with four rows of LFP cells, similar to the module arrangement in the original Model 3 design with cylindrical cells . These batteries deliver a respectable 272-mile EPA-rated range in the standard-range Model 3 .

2170 NCM in China and Berlin Models

For vehicles manufactured in China and Berlin, Tesla has employed 2170 NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese) battery cells . LG Chem began mass-producing these batteries for Chinese-made Model 3s at their Nanjing plant in 2019 .

NCM batteries represent the first instance of Tesla using this chemistry in its vehicles, as previously they only used NMC cells for stationary energy storage products like Powerwalls . The switch to NCM was reportedly influenced by LG Chem, which convinced Tesla that NCM811 batteries could provide longer driving distances per charge .

These batteries share similarities with NCA cells but feature manganese instead of aluminum. Generally, they're more affordable to produce yet still offer good energy density . According to reports, specific battery models like the BT38 (LG Chem M48 75kWh battery with 2170 NCM cells) were used in both Fremont and China-built Model 3s destined for European markets around 2020-2021 .

The NCM chemistry presents a middle ground – cheaper to manufacture than NCA cells while remaining more energy-dense than LFP options, thereby delivering a balance between cost, range, and performance .

Tesla Model Y Battery Types

Similar to its sedan counterpart, the Tesla Model Y showcases the company's evolving battery strategy with three distinct battery technologies deployed across its global manufacturing footprint. As of 2025, your specific Model Y battery type depends primarily on both manufacturing location and trim level.

2170 NCA in Most Global Trims

The majority of Tesla Model Y vehicles worldwide utilize the cylindrical 2170 NCA cells manufactured by Panasonic at Gigafactory Nevada . These cells, measuring 21mm in diameter and 70mm tall, power all dual-motor Long Range and Performance variants . The NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) chemistry offers superior energy density, enabling these models to achieve their impressive range figures.

For owners of these NCA-equipped Model Y versions, Tesla recommends limiting daily charging to 80% to preserve battery longevity. During the charging process, these vehicles display "daily" and "trip" options when setting limits—a clear indicator of NCA battery chemistry . This traditional battery technology has proven highly reliable across Tesla's lineup, offering a balance of performance and durability.

4680 NMC in Giga Texas Builds

Giga Texas-manufactured Model Y vehicles feature Tesla's next-generation 4680 cells within a structural battery pack . Named for their dimensions (46mm diameter, 80mm height), these larger cells represent a significant technological advancement . Munro & Associates analysis confirmed these cells utilize an NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) chemistry with an 8-1-1 ratio .

Interestingly, the 4680 "tabless" design eliminates traditional battery tabs that create electron "traffic jams," instead allowing for more efficient electron flow throughout the cell. This innovation reportedly delivers five times the energy and six times the power of previous designs . Moreover, the structural pack integrates directly into the vehicle frame, reducing weight and improving manufacturing efficiency .

LFP in Standard Range and Global Variants

Beginning in 2021, Tesla shifted all standard-range vehicles, including the Model Y RWD, to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry . These batteries, primarily manufactured by Chinese supplier CATL, offer several key advantages over nickel-based alternatives . Notably, LFP cells contain no cobalt or nickel, making them more ethically sourced and less expensive to produce .

LFP batteries excel in longevity and safety, with Tesla recommending occasional 100% charging—a practice not advised for NCA batteries . Obviously, there are tradeoffs: LFP cells possess lower energy density, resulting in somewhat reduced range compared to equivalent NCA-equipped models . These batteries also demonstrate reduced performance in cold weather conditions .

To identify an LFP-equipped Model Y, owners can check the Software menu on the touchscreen, then tap "Additional Vehicle Information." If the HV battery line indicates "iron phosphate," the vehicle contains LFP batteries .

How to Check What Battery Your Tesla Has

Identifying your Tesla's battery type doesn't require sophisticated diagnostic equipment or a visit to a service center. In fact, Tesla provides several built-in methods to determine exactly what battery powers your vehicle.

Charging Screen Indicators: Daily vs Trip

The charging screen offers the quickest way to identify your Tesla's battery chemistry. After tapping "Set Limit" on your charging screen, examine the slider options carefully. For vehicles with nickel-based batteries (NCA or NCM), you'll notice "Daily" and "Trip" labels on the charging limit slider . This interface encourages owners to maintain their nickel-based packs at approximately 80% for everyday use.

Conversely, if your Tesla has an LFP battery, the charging screen will display percentage markers (50% and 100%) rather than the Daily/Trip labels . This distinction exists because LFP batteries have different charging recommendations than their nickel-based counterparts.

Software Menu: High Voltage Battery Type

For definitive confirmation of your battery type, navigate to Controls > Software > Additional Vehicle Information on your touchscreen. If your vehicle contains an LFP battery, you'll see "High Voltage Battery type: Lithium Iron Phosphate" clearly listed . Should this specific battery type not appear, your Tesla likely uses a nickel-based chemistry .

This software method provides the most reliable way to verify battery chemistry, especially for newer Model 3 and Model Y trims where battery types vary by production location and delivery date.

VIN and Factory Clues for Battery Chemistry

The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) and manufacturing location offer additional hints about your Tesla's battery. As of 2025, most base Model 3s and Model Ys made in China and Germany typically contain LFP batteries .

For older Teslas, particularly Model S vehicles, a battery pack sticker can be found by looking under the car behind the front passenger wheel . This sticker shows battery capacity and part number information that experienced owners can decode to determine specific battery versions.

Should these methods prove inconclusive, Tesla Service Center technicians can access additional battery information through their service systems .

Tesla Battery Types Comparison and Use Cases

"Tesla car batteries are supposed to last around 300,000 to 500,000 miles or about 1,500 times of charging and discharging." — Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, leading authority on Tesla battery technology and specifications

Each Tesla battery chemistry offers distinct advantages and limitations that directly impact daily ownership. Understanding these differences helps select the right vehicle for your needs and optimize its performance over time.

Range and Charging Speed Differences

Energy density remains the fundamental difference between Tesla's battery chemistries. NCA/NCM batteries deliver approximately 250-285 Wh/kg, whereas LFP cells provide around 180 Wh/kg . This 30% density gap explains why standard-range Teslas use LFP while performance models require NCA batteries .

Regarding charging speeds, nickel-based batteries excel with faster charging times . LFP batteries charge noticeably slower, especially without proper preconditioning . For everyday drivers, this translates into longer Supercharger stops during road trips if driving an LFP-equipped Tesla.

Cold Weather Performance: LFP vs NCA

Temperature sensitivity creates perhaps the most significant real-world difference between battery types. In freezing conditions, LFP batteries can lose over 40% range, versus just 10-20% for nickel-based batteries . This performance drop becomes particularly noticeable below 20°F (-7°C) .

A Model 3's 358-mile range can shrink to 250 miles with cabin heating alone . Preconditioning helps mitigate these effects, especially important for LFP-equipped vehicles in colder climates.

Battery Longevity and Charging Habits

LFP batteries excel in longevity, typically handling 3,000+ charge cycles compared to 1,000-2,000 for NCA versions . Real-world data shows LFP batteries experiencing only 4-5% capacity loss after 2 years and 20,000+ miles .

For optimal longevity, Tesla recommends different charging approaches by battery type. Nickel-based packs prefer daily charging to 80-90%, while LFP batteries benefit from occasional 100% charging . Overall, Model S/X batteries typically degrade approximately 1% per year, retaining 90% capacity after a decade .

Conclusion

Tesla battery technology represents a fascinating evolution across their vehicle lineup. Throughout this guide, we've examined how Tesla strategically deploys different battery chemistries to optimize performance, cost, and sustainability.

Understanding your Tesla's specific battery type certainly helps maximize both daily enjoyment and long-term ownership satisfaction. The premium Model S and X vehicles exclusively use 1865 NCA batteries, while Model 3 and Y feature a diverse range of options including 2170 NCA, LFP prismatic, and even cutting-edge 4680 cells.

These battery differences significantly affect real-world performance. NCA batteries deliver superior range and faster charging but require more careful charging habits. Conversely, LFP batteries offer better longevity and simpler charging protocols despite their reduced energy density and cold-weather limitations.

Your driving environment, typical journey length, and charging access should therefore influence your Tesla model selection. Colder climate dwellers might benefit from nickel-based battery models, while drivers with consistent charging routines could find LFP-equipped vehicles perfectly suitable.

Tesla continues advancing battery technology with impressive determination. The company's shift toward cobalt-free chemistries and structural battery packs demonstrates their commitment to sustainability alongside performance. Additionally, their battery management systems help maximize longevity regardless of chemistry type.

Battery technology remains the foundation of Tesla's innovation. Though each chemistry presents distinct advantages and limitations, all Tesla batteries deliver exceptional performance compared to conventional vehicles. Ultimately, the ideal Tesla battery depends on your specific needs, driving patterns, and environment – making this knowledge essential for prospective buyers and current owners alike.

FAQs

Q1. What types of batteries does Tesla use in its vehicles? Tesla uses different battery types across its models, including NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum) in Model S and X, NCA and LFP (lithium iron phosphate) in Model 3, and NCA, LFP, and NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) in Model Y. The specific battery type depends on the model, trim level, and manufacturing location.

Q2. How can I determine what type of battery my Tesla has? You can check your Tesla's battery type by looking at the charging screen. If you see "Daily" and "Trip" options, you have an NCA battery. For definitive confirmation, go to Controls > Software > Additional Vehicle Information on your touchscreen. If it lists "High Voltage Battery type: Lithium Iron Phosphate," you have an LFP battery.

Q3. What are the main differences between NCA and LFP batteries in Tesla vehicles? NCA batteries offer higher energy density, resulting in longer range and faster charging times. LFP batteries are more durable, safer, and can be charged to 100% regularly. However, LFP batteries have lower energy density and may experience reduced performance in cold weather compared to NCA batteries.

Q4. How do Tesla's battery types affect charging habits? For NCA batteries, it's recommended to limit daily charging to 80-90% to preserve battery longevity. LFP batteries, on the other hand, can and should be charged to 100% occasionally. These different charging approaches help optimize the lifespan of each battery type.

Q5. What is the expected lifespan of a Tesla battery? Tesla batteries are designed to last between 300,000 to 500,000 miles, or about 1,500 charging cycles. Real-world data shows that Model S and X batteries typically degrade by about 1% per year, retaining around 90% capacity after a decade of use. LFP batteries may experience even less degradation over time.